Lady May

Urutan Taksonomi Orangutan

    Kingdom  : animalia
    Phylum     : chordata
    Class         : mammalia
    Ordo         : primates
    Familia     : hominidae
    Genus       : pongo
    Species     : Pongo pygmaeus

Komponen biotik adalah komponen lingkungan yang terdiri atas makhluk hidup. Pada pokoknya makhluk hidup dapat digolngkan berdasarkan jenis-jenis tertentu, misalnya golongan manusia, hewan dan tumbuhan. Makhluk hidup berdasarkan ukurannya digolongkan menjadi mikroorganisme dan makroorganisme. Manusia merupakan faktor biotik yang mempunyai pengaruh terkuat di bumi ini, baik dalam pengaruh memusnahkan dan melipatkan, atau mempercepat penyebaran hewan dan tumbuhan. Berdasarkan peran dan fungsinya, makhluk hidup dibedakan menjadi tiga macam, yaitu:

• Produsen adalah makhluk hidup yang mampu mengubah zat anorganik menjadi zat organik (organisme autotrof). Proses tersebut hanya bisa dilakukan oleh tumbuhan yang berklorofil dengan cara fotosintesis. Contoh produsen adalah alga, lumut dan tumbuhan hijau
• Konsumer adalah organisme heterotrof yang tidak bisa membuat makanannya sendiri dan tergantung kepada organisme lain, baik yang bersifat heterotrof maupun yang autotrof. Konsumer biasanya merupakan hewan. Hewan yang memakan tumbuhan secara langsung (herbivora) dinamakan konsumer primer. Hewan yang memakan konsumer primer dinamakan konsumer II dan seterusnya sehingga terbentuk suatu rantai makanan. Konsumer terakhir disebut konsumer puncak. Contoh konsumer puncak adalah manusia.
• Dekomposer adalah organisme yang menguraikan bahan organik menjadi anorganik untuk kemudian digunakan oleh produsen. Dekomposer dapat disebut juga sebagai organisme detritivor atau pemakan bangkai. Contoh organisme dekomposer adalah bakteri pembusuk dan jamur

Setiap makhluk hidup hanya dapat hidup dan berkembang biak pada lingkungan yang cocok,yang disebut habitat.Didalam ekosistem,setiap organisme mempunya fungsi dan tugas tertentu .Hal ini dikenal dengan nisia.Oleh karena itu, komponen biotik ekosistem dapat dikelompokkan berdasarkan nisia tadi.Secara garis besar ada empat nisia.

✿ Karate Match

Karate match is divided into two types:
Kumite (fight) sons and daughters
The word (stance) sons and daughters

♥ Kumite
Individual kumite Kumite divided over the division of classes based on weight and kumite team without a weight class division (for son). The system used is reperchance game (WUKO) or half a chance to return to the athlete who ever defeated by the champion. Match made in one half (2-3 minutes net) and 1 in case of extra series, except in team games no time extension. And if you still are experiencing in the last renewal of ties, there will be an election karateka of the most offensive and aggressive as the winner.

♥ Words
In a match that was exhibited word of the moment is the beauty of movement, for both sons and daughters. In accordance with the word choice or word shall in any rules.
Participants must demonstrate the word mandatory. If passed, participants will attend the next round and can demonstrate word choice.
The game is divided into two types: individual Kata and Kata team. The word team by 3 people. After doing the show said, participants are required to demonstrate the application of the word (bunkai). The word team is considered more prestigious because it is more beautiful and more difficult to train.
According to JKF and WKF standard, which is recognized as a word LTO is only 8 words coming out of college four Big JKF, namely Shotokan, Wado-ryu, Goju-ryu and Shito-ryu, with the following details:
 ● Shotokan: Kankudai and Jion.
 ● Wado-ryu: Seishan and Chinto.
 ● Goju-ryu: Saifa and Seipai.
 ● Shito-ryu: Seienchin and Bassaidai.
Karateka from streams other than the big 4 is not banned words match JKF and WKF, just that they have to play a word as played by four major universities in the top.

♥ Area of ​​field
   ● The floor area of ​​8 x 8 feet, bare board or mat on the stage with a height of 1 meter and added safety area measuring 2 meters on each side.
  ● Arena matches should be flat and protected from possible harm.
  In Kumite Shiai used by referring Forki rules of WKF, ideally using a mat with a width of 10 x 10 meters. Matras was divided into three colors: white, red and blue. The outer mat is a limit jogai where karate-ka who were playing should not touch the limit is or will be subject to infringement. The second limit is deeper than the limit is the limit jogai warning, so the karate-ka who are competing to predict the space arena he played. The rest of the scope of the mattress and most with white is an arena to compete effectively.



✿ Equipment in a karate match

Equipment required in a karate match
✔ Apparel karate (karategi) for contestants
✔ Hand protection
✔ Shin guards
✔ Belt (Obi) for the second contestant red / aka and blue / ao
✔ Other tools are allowed but not a requirement is:
   ● Gum protector (in some games is a must)
   ● Body armor for women contestants
   ●Groin protector for contestants son
✔ Whistle for the arbitrator / stationery
✔ Uniform referee / judge
   ● White shirt
   ● Gray pants
   ● Red tie
   ● Black rubber boots without soles
✔ Scoreboard / n scoring board
✔ Administrative game
✔ red & blue flag for jury
✔ Whistle to referee

Addendum: Especially for Kyokushin, protective wear groin protectors for contestants only son. While the patron is not permitted.

Karate Technique

Karate techniques are divided into three main parts: Kihon (basic techniques), Kata (stance) and kumite (fight). Advanced pupils are also taught to use weapons such as sticks (bo) and ruyung (nunchaku).

●๋• Kihon
Kihon (基本: きほん, Kihon?) Literally means the base or foundation. Kihon Karate practitioners must master well before studying Kata and Kumite.
Kihon Training starts from studying punches and kicks (white belt) and shock (brown belt). At the stage and or Black Belt, the student is considered to have mastered all kihon well.

●๋• Words
Kata (型: かた) literally means the shape or pattern. Words in karate is not only a physical or regular aerobic exercise. But it also contains a lesson about fighting principles. Each word has a rhythm of movement and breathing differently.
In a word no one called Bunkai. Bunkai is an application that can be used from basic movements said.
Each stream has a different movement and different names for each word. For example: Kata Tekki in Shotokan stream known as Shito Ryu Naihanchi in flow. As a result Bunkai (application of the word) of each flow is also different.

●๋• Kumite
    Kumite (组 手: く み て) literally means "meeting of hands." Kumite performed by advanced students (blue belt and above). But now, there is a dojo that teaches beginner kumite at the student level (yellow belt). Before doing free kumite (jiyu Kumite) regulated practitioners learn kumite (go hon kumite) or (Yakusoku kumite). To stream sport kumite, better known as the Kumite Kumite Shiai or game.
    To stream Shotokan in Japan, kumite is only done by students who have attained and (black belt). Practitioners are required to be able to keep his punches so as not to injure fellow play.
    To stream "direct contact" like Kyokushin, Karate practitioners are accustomed to doing since blue belt kumite strip. Kyokushin practitioner is allowed to launch as strong kicks and punches to the opponent's strength to compete.
    To stream combinations such as Wado-ryu, the technique consists of a combination of Karate and Jujutsu, the Kumite is divided into two kinds, namely to prepare Shiai Kumite, which is trained only techniques that are allowed in the game, and Goshinjutsu Kumite Kumite or for self-defense, all techniques are used, including moves such as dings Jujutsu, locks, and attacking vital points.

       Karate (空 手 道) is a martial art that originated in Japan. Karate martial arts brought to Japan through Okinawa. This martial art was first called "Tote" meaning like "China Hand." When karate to Japan, Japanese nationalism was at its peak, so Sensei Gichin Funakoshi changed the kanji Okinawa (Tote: Hand China) in Japanese kanji a 'karate' (Empty Hand) to be more easily accepted by the people of Japan. Karate comprises of two kanji. The first is the 'Kara' 空 and means 'empty'., and the second, 'te' 手, meaning 'hand'. Which two kanji together mean "empty hand" 空手 (pinyin: kongshou).
According to the Zen-Nippon Karatedo Renmei / Japan Karatedo Federation (JKF) and World Karatedo Federation (WKF), which is regarded as a major karate styles are:
♥ Shotokan
♥ Goju-Ryu
♥ Shito-Ryu
♥ Wado-Ryu
     The four streams are recognized as a major Karate style because it participates in the formation of JKF and WKF.
But the leading karate styles in the world not only four styles on top of it all. Several large streams like Kyokushin, Shorin-ryu and Uechi-ryu spread to many countries in the world and is known as a famous Karate flow, although not included in the "big 4 WKF".
        In Japan, the umbrella organization of sport karate throughout Japan is the JKF. As an organization that embodies the whole world is WKF Karate (formerly known as WUKO - World Union of Karatedo Organizations). There is also ITKF (International Traditional Karate Federation) that embodies traditional karate. The function of the JKF and WKF Karate is primarily to confirm that is "no direct contact", as opposed to the flow of Kyokushin or Daidojuku that "direct contact".
        Karate is divided into three basic exercises such as the following:
1. Kihon, namely practice the basic techniques of karate techniques such as punching, kicking and parry.
2. Word, namely practice karate moves or interest.
3. Kumite, or sparring is sparring drills.
      In today karate can also be divided into the traditional flow and stream sports. Traditional flow emphasizes aspects of martial arts and combat techniques while the flow devote more exercise techniques for competitive sports.

• Nitrogen (N2, 78% )
• Oksigen (02, 21% )
• Argon (Ar, 1% )
• Air (H2O, 0 - 7% )
• Ozon (O, 0 - 0.01% )
• Karbondioksida (CO2, 0.01 - 0.1% )